Contemporary Technology

 

UNIT 9. Contemporary Technology (4 Marks)

 

 

 

 

1. E-learning: E-learning is the process of learning through the electronic media like computers. The concept of Distant Learning has become possible through the e-learning. One can get degree of a university through the e-learning. The CAL (Computer Assisted/Aided Learning) is an example of E-learning. Internet, Intranet, Extranet, Virtual Class room and Multimedia CD/DVD ROM are the tools used in E-learning. It has many advantages:

 

·       Very flexible and cheaper

 

·       Time saving

 

·       Can be read any time and any where

 

·       Course moves faster than traditional method

 

·       Uniformity of content

 

·       Interactive online session

 

 

 

 

2. E-commerce: The commerce through the use of electronic media is called E-commerce. It is the most popular and highly used advantage of IT. Replacing the traditional method of account controlling, quality and quantity controlling, money transaction, official and industrial management, etc. by the computers and electronic machines are some popular concepts of E-commerce. There are basically three types of E-commerce:

 

i. Business-to-Business

 

ii. Business-to-Customer

 

iii. Digital Middle Man

 

 

 

 

3. E-Business: The process of performing business activities through the electronic media, especially Internet is called E-Business. It includes selling, buying and servicing customers and collaborating with the business partners, too. It uses web-based technology for the advertisements and for the improved business performance. Some examples of this system are ebay, amazon, Alibaba etc

 

 

 

 

4. E-Governance: The process of governing through the use of Electronic media is called E-Governance. The traditional governing system cannot reach to the remote or rural area and it cannot address the actual problem of them. It is centered in the urban area. So, the E-Governance has become a popular concept of governing. It uses electronic media like Internet, Intranet, Wireless Phone, E-voting, E-commerce, E-health service and E-education, etc to address the problem of the people. It increases the speed of working of Government. The following are the E-Governance models:

 

i. Government to Citizens (G2C)

 

ii. Government to Employees (G2E)

 

iii. Government to Government (G2G)

 

iv. Government to Business (G2B)

 

In other word, The way of performing governmental activities through internet. For instant, every citizen has to perform their daily governmental activities such as birth registration, tax payment, utilities bill payment etc. If these governmental activities are done through electronic means and media then, it is known as e-government. The major objective of e-government is to increase accountability, transparency, efficiency and which helps to reduce corruption.

 

Challenges of E-government:

 

a. IT literacy

 

b. Lack of coordination

 

c. Training

 

d. IT Policy

 

Importance of E-government.

 

a. Promote awareness and dramatically improves the efficiency of the civil services.

 

b. It will encourage public participation.

 

c. It will create healthy business environment.

 

d. It increases accountability, transparency, efficiency and which helps to reduce corruption.

 

e. It allows to share knowledge and information between organization easily.

 

 

 

 

 

5. E-Medicine: Electronic medicine is a service of E-Government, which provides E-health services to the people. The use of computers for diagnosis of diseases, operations and research of medicine are the examples of E-Medicine. The way of performing medical activities through electronic means and media are e-medicine. Now a days, there are significant roles of modern tools and technologies in the field of medicine. For eg, Technologies such as X-rays, CT scan etc are used to diagnosis several critical diseases and illness. There are several websites which are particularly targeted toward medicine. These websites help user to find out the required information about their queries. One can check the health condition using electronic means and media.

 

Pros

 

a. Distance medical facilities can be provided to remote area.

 

b. Drones can be used to supply medical equipment in needy area with in less time.

 

c. Remote counselling is possible through e-medicine.

 

d. Different high-tech tools and devices are used to diagnose several critical illnesses.

 

 

 

 

6. Virtual Reality: It is an artificial environment created by using the computers, which tries to give natural environment of the presentation. It creates an illusion of the real world. Head Mounted Display (HMD), Binocular Omni Oriented Monitor (BOOM) and Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) are some common devices used for Virtual Reality. It is very popular in the fields of entertainment, space and civil aviation.

 

 

 

 

7. Robotics: It is the term used for the designing, constructing and using robots in various purposes. The term ‘robot’ was first used by Karel Capek in his play Rossum’s Universal Robots, published in 1920. Scientists are trying to give the human-like intelligence to the robots, so that they understand the natural languages and they can be able to interact with the humans to assist them. Transportation, exploration, surgery, bomb diffusion, etc. are some popular application of robots. They are especially used in the areas, which are full of risk.